Evaluation of the pathologic results of prostate biopsies in terms of age, Gleason score and PSA level: our experience and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pathologic and clinic results of our large series of transrectal prostate biopsies in relation to Gleason score, age and PSA level. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed the pathologic results of transrectal prostate biopsies performed because of high PSA levels and abnormal digital rectal examination findings between January 2008 and February 2012. RESULTS The pathologic result of 835 prostate biopsies was benign in 82.2% and malign in 17.8%. Furthermore in 3.7% high grade PIN (Prostatic Intraepitelial Neoplasia) or ASAP (Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation) was shown. In the interval of total PSA values between 4 and 10 ng/dl, that is thw so-called grey zone, cancer detection rate was 12.4%. There was a significant relationship between cancer detection and cancer stage at all high levels of PSA also in the grey zone. The most common Gleason score observed was 3 + 3 wirh a rate of 7.4% whereas the second most commonly observed scare was 3 + 4 with a rate of 2.5%. In the patients with abnormal digital rectal examination findings but normal PSA levels according to age the cancer detection rate was 8.7%, in patients with only high PSA levels the rate was 41.2% and in the patients with both high PSA levels and abnormal digital rectal examination findings. the rate was 49.3%. CONCLUSION Our study underlines the relationship between age, PSA level and pathologic stage of prostate cancer and also the importance of digital rectal examination.